Latest Studies of Public Administration

Public administration is the management of affairs of the government at all level of government. Public administration activities can be seen in National, State, Provinces and Local level. These are the branches of the wider field of administration. According to F.M. Marx “Administration is determined action taken in pursuit of a conscious purpose. It is the systematic ordering of affairs and the calculated use of resource and aimed at making those things happen which on wants to happen.” According to J.M. Pfiffner “Administration is the organization and direction of human and material resources to achieve desired ends.” According to Marshall Edward Dimock and Gladys Ogden Dimock “As a study, public administration examines every aspect of government’s efforts to discharge the law to give effect to public policy; as a process it is all the steps taken between the time an enforcement agency assumes jurisdiction and the last brick is placed (but includes also that agencies participation, if any, in the formulation of programmes is the first place); and as a vocation, it is organizing and directing the activities of others in a public of agencies.” According to Luther Gulick “Administration is that part of the science of administration which has to do with government and, those, concerns itself primarily with the executive branch, when the work of government is done, though there are obviously administrative problems also in connection with the legislative and judicial branches.” According to Simon “In the broadest sense, administration can be defined as the activities of groups coordinating to accomplish common goals.” The father of administration named Woodrow Wilson “Public administration is detailed and systematic application of law, every particular application of law is an act of administration.” According to F.A. Nigro “The real core of administration is the basic service which performed for the public such as police and protection, public works, education, recreation, sanitation, social security, agriculture research, national defense and others.” According to L.D. White “Administration is the direction, coordination and control of many persons to achieve some purpose or objectives.” According to Dwight Waldo “ Public administration is the composite of all the laws, regulations, practices, relationships, codes and customs that prevail at any time in any jurisdiction for fulfillment or execution of public policy.” Public administration is any kind of administration in the public sectors. It performs various public activities. There are various views regarding to the meaning, functions, activities, scope, nature to be included in public administration. The many versions about public administration have been aroused in the world. The development of latest meaning and modern views about administration is the contribution of American scholars.

Why administration

We all are in the circle of society. The society runs within the government rules and regulations. The place where the rules and regulations are used is called the administrative agent. Without administration, the society can not be run. The people are guided by civic servant. Civic servants are those person who are appointed by the government through competition. Administration is the center of any kind of country, nations, provinces, state, small and big organization, formal and non formal organization etc. Administrative activities are used by managers, administrators, chief of the organization. Without clean and tidy administration, the organization ca not go up for its destination.

Meaning of Leadershipad its Functions

The leading is the quality of the person who enforce the staff or labor to do the job. Its main aim is to make the person active and smart. Leadership is the quality of leader. Without leadership in any kind of organization, the staff and coordinators cannot the jobs properly and efficiently. According to Koontz and O'Donnell "leadership is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with confidence and zeal." According to the explanation of Allen "a leader is one who guides and directs other people and gives their efforts direction and purpose." Really, the leadership is the ability of any manager, administrator etc. In short, the functions of leadership are as follows: 1. Primary Functions: a. Planning, b. Making Policy, c. Playing the role of mediator, d. Implementing the policy. e. Present as external representative, f. Controlling o internal relations, g. Dispenser of rewards and punishment the staff, 2. Accessory functions: a. Showing as exemplar, b. Playing the role as Symbol of the group, c. Patronizing the staff and followers, d. Ideologist, e. Guarding the staff and the followers, The leader is a person who can change the environment of the organization in any time according to the requirement of organization. The leader may have the informal power and authority. He or she may use limitless power and authority. But he or she will be no delegated the formal authority. Leader is the person who always motivate the members in the organization.

Relationship of Public Administration with other Social Sciences

Public administration subject has great and clean relationship with other social sciences. It should work with other social science. Public Administration and Political Science Public Administration and Economics Public Administration and Law Public Administration and History Public Administration and Psychology Public Administration and Sociology Public Administration and Religion Public Administration, Science and Technology Public Administration and Demography Public Administration and Geography Public Administration and Ethics Public Administration and Philosophy Public administration subject has great and clean relationship with other social sciences. It should work with other social science. Public Administration and Political Science Public Administration and Economics Public Administration and Law Public Administration and History Public Administration and Psychology Public Administration and Sociology Public Administration and Religion Public Administration, Science and Technology Public Administration and Demography Public Administration and Geography Public Administration and Ethics Public Administration and Philosophy

Few differences between Private and Public Administration

Shortly, we can express that there are differences between private and public administration. Traditionally, public administration is totally related with public affairs and private administration is totally related with private issues. Now days, we can not differentiate between private and public administration. Both of the administrations are similar to each other. They are different from its nature of functions and objectives. They are used for the betterment of the organization. Both of the administrations keep the talent and excellent personnel and they both run the activities in the organization. Simply, we can differentiate Private and Public Administration on the following basis: • Objectives, • Scope and functions, • Nature of works, • Responsibilities to the public, • Profit motive, • Nature of functions, • cost of Service, • Political direction, • Public relation, • Efficiency, • Monopolistic, • Styles of recruitment, Public Administration is like bureaucracy, where as private administration is business activities like. Public administration is directed and influenced by politically and the private administration is directed by politically. Public administration use the strict rules and regulation to operate organization, but private administration do not use strict rules and regulations.