Latest Studies of Public Administration

Public administration is the management of affairs of the government at all level of government. Public administration activities can be seen in National, State, Provinces and Local level. These are the branches of the wider field of administration. According to F.M. Marx “Administration is determined action taken in pursuit of a conscious purpose. It is the systematic ordering of affairs and the calculated use of resource and aimed at making those things happen which on wants to happen.” According to J.M. Pfiffner “Administration is the organization and direction of human and material resources to achieve desired ends.” According to Marshall Edward Dimock and Gladys Ogden Dimock “As a study, public administration examines every aspect of government’s efforts to discharge the law to give effect to public policy; as a process it is all the steps taken between the time an enforcement agency assumes jurisdiction and the last brick is placed (but includes also that agencies participation, if any, in the formulation of programmes is the first place); and as a vocation, it is organizing and directing the activities of others in a public of agencies.” According to Luther Gulick “Administration is that part of the science of administration which has to do with government and, those, concerns itself primarily with the executive branch, when the work of government is done, though there are obviously administrative problems also in connection with the legislative and judicial branches.” According to Simon “In the broadest sense, administration can be defined as the activities of groups coordinating to accomplish common goals.” The father of administration named Woodrow Wilson “Public administration is detailed and systematic application of law, every particular application of law is an act of administration.” According to F.A. Nigro “The real core of administration is the basic service which performed for the public such as police and protection, public works, education, recreation, sanitation, social security, agriculture research, national defense and others.” According to L.D. White “Administration is the direction, coordination and control of many persons to achieve some purpose or objectives.” According to Dwight Waldo “ Public administration is the composite of all the laws, regulations, practices, relationships, codes and customs that prevail at any time in any jurisdiction for fulfillment or execution of public policy.” Public administration is any kind of administration in the public sectors. It performs various public activities. There are various views regarding to the meaning, functions, activities, scope, nature to be included in public administration. The many versions about public administration have been aroused in the world. The development of latest meaning and modern views about administration is the contribution of American scholars.